Chassis Code Explained
| Segment | Meaning | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| HA6 | Truck, 2WD | Mid-engine, rear-wheel drive; 5MT or 3AT by grade |
| HA7 | Truck, 4WD | Real Time 4WD; 5MT only; ATTACK adds UL/UR and rear differential lock |
| HH5 | Van, 2WD | Acty Van, 1999 to 2018 |
| HH6 | Van, 4WD | Acty Van; four-speed automatic on selected grades from 2000 |
Mapping taken from Honda's archive and van catalogues; GD, UE and GBD type prefixes occur in Honda records, so quote the full type and serial. HA8 and HA9 are successor trucks and are not covered here.
Key Takeaways
Dates come from Honda's own releases, archive pages and notices. Truck and van timelines are shown separately because they end in different years.
- HA7 is a third-generation truck and a manual. HA6 is the 2WD truck; in Honda's catalogue every HA7 is a five-speed manual, with ATTACK models adding ultra-low gears.
- The launch rating is 46 PS from the 656 cc E07Z; final vans are 45 PS, and only the HH6 SDX with the four-speed automatic is 52 PS (longitudinal engine).
- The van outlived the truck. Honda's truck archive ends in November 2009, but the HH5/HH6 van archive runs to July 2018.
- The truck bed grew in December 2000: from 1,870 to 1,940 mm long, so measure early cars.
- Safety kit depends on year: a driver airbag was standard from launch; vans got standard dual airbags in April 2003.
- Recalls are by chassis range: fuel tank flange, wheel bolts, crossmember welds, fuel pump and a head-gasket notice all list specific serials.
Background
Codes and dates
Honda's May 1999 launch release gives 28 May for truck sales and 25 June for vans. Its September special-body release instead dates the base Acty Truck SDX's model change to 25 June; the releases disagree. Honda's truck archive spans May 1999 to November 2009, followed by HA8/HA9 trucks from December. The HH5/HH6 van archive ends in July 2018, with no new fourth-generation van in 2009. The 2018 T360 anniversary edition belongs to the successor truck.
Engine and power
Honda kept the mid-engine, rear-drive layout and lengthened the wheelbase by 520 mm to 2,420 mm. Honda's launch release rated the 656 cc E07Z at 46 PS at 5,500 rpm and 6.0 kgf·m at 5,000 rpm, about 45 mechanical horsepower and 59 N·m. The 2007 to 2009 truck catalogue still gives 34 kW (46 PS) and 60 N·m, from a belt-driven SOHC twelve-valve three-cylinder (66 × 64 mm, 10.5:1) with PGM-FI on regular unleaded and a 37-litre tank.
Power figures vary by body: the final vans are rated 45 PS at 5,500 rpm, except the HH6 SDX with the four-speed automatic, which is 52 PS at 7,000 rpm and 62 N·m with the engine fitted longitudinally. So 52 PS is a van figure, not the 1999 truck's.
Gearboxes
Gearboxes depend on the code. In the 2007 to 2009 catalogue the HA6 STD is a five-speed only, the HA6 SDX, TOWN and SDX-N offer a five-speed or three-speed automatic, and every HA7 is a five-speed manual, with the ATTACK and ATTACK-N adding ultra-low and ultra-reverse gears (ratios 7.8 and 7.588). Vans were different: a four-speed automatic arrived for the HH6 SDX-N, SDX and TOWN on 24 February 2000, and Honda's final 2015 to 2018 van catalogue lists the HH5 SDX at five-speed or three-speed automatic and the HH6 SDX at five-speed or four-speed automatic.
Equipment by year
Equipment changed by date, so check the year. At launch the driver's SRS airbag was standard throughout and a passenger airbag was optional except on the truck STD; electric power steering was standard except on the truck STD and van PRO-B; ABS and brake assist were factory options, and manuals had a clutch-start system. April 2003 made driver and passenger airbags standard on all vans, and from September 2001 every van had standard air conditioning.
Dimensions and payload
The truck's standard bed measured 1,870 mm long until 20 December 2000, when it grew by 70 mm to 1,940 mm; the 2007 to 2009 bed is 1,940 × 1,410 × 290 mm, 660 mm off the ground, with a 350 kg payload and 145R12-6PR LT tyres (the earlier 8PR size is also permitted). Exterior dimensions are 3,395 × 1,475 mm, height 1,745 mm (STD 1,715 mm), with 190 mm clearance. Weights depend on grade and options.
Vans and special bodies
On the van side, PRO-A and the partitioned PRO-B are two-seaters, while SDX and TOWN launched with four-occupant versions; PRO-B is not simply a better-equipped PRO-A. The final van measures 3,395 × 1,475 × 1,880 mm with a 2,420 mm wheelbase, and the SDX's payload is 350 kg with two occupants or 250 kg with four, while the four-speed-automatic HH6 SDX is rated 250 kg with two occupants and 150 kg with four.
Honda also lists factory special bodies: dump and lifter, refrigerated, insulated and dry-delivery vans and other utility conversions, with revised special vehicles on sale from 16 May 2003. Check each conversion's own mass and payload.
Recalls and notices
Match Honda's recalls and notices to the chassis number. Recall 1071 (April 2004) covers an insufficiently strong fuel-tank mounting flange, with an HA7 example range of HA7-1000013 to 1027827 built 26 May 1999 to 2 February 2000. Recall 676 (2000) covers a fuel-pipe sealing washer; recalls 749 and 753 (2001) wheel bolts with improper heat treatment; recalls 1915 and 2857 a front lower-crossmember weld; recall 2177 a fuel pump; and Honda's May 2012 warranty notice covers head-gasket abnormalities on listed trucks built April 2003 to November 2009. A 2008 maintenance notice warns that incorrectly tightened rear spindle nuts can let the drum and wheel detach; Honda says that is improper servicing, not a design defect. Check the car's own serial and completion record against each range.
Technical Specifications
Figures are Honda factory ratings in PS and N·m or kgf·m for the dates and bodies shown; the late truck and final van catalogues are separate rows.
Engine Options
-
HA6/HA7 truck May 1999 launch
E07Z- Displacement
- 656 cc
- Aspiration
- Naturally aspirated, PGM-FI
- Power
- 46 PS @ 5,500 rpm (about 45 mechanical hp)
- Torque
- 6.0 kgf·m @ 5,000 rpm (about 59 N·m)
- Transmission
- 5MT; 3AT on 2WD HA6 grades
Honda's launch rating for trucks and vans
-
HA6/HA7 truck 2007–2009 catalogue
E07Z- Displacement
- 656 cc
- Aspiration
- Naturally aspirated, PGM-FI
- Power
- 46 PS (34 kW) @ 5,500 rpm
- Torque
- 60 N·m @ 5,000 rpm
- Transmission
- 5MT; 3AT on HA6 SDX/TOWN/SDX-N
SOHC belt-driven, 12 valves, 66 × 64 mm, 10.5:1; regular unleaded, 37-litre tank
-
HH5/HH6 van 2015–2018
E07Z Comparison- Displacement
- 656 cc
- Aspiration
- Naturally aspirated, PGM-FI
- Power
- 45 PS (33 kW) @ 5,500 rpm
- Torque
- 59 N·m @ 5,000 rpm
- Transmission
- 5MT / 3AT
Final HH5/HH6 van with manual or three-speed automatic; transverse engine
-
HH6 SDX 4AT van 2015–2018
E07Z Comparison- Displacement
- 656 cc
- Aspiration
- Naturally aspirated, PGM-FI
- Power
- 52 PS (38 kW) @ 7,000 rpm
- Torque
- 62 N·m @ 4,000 rpm
- Transmission
- 4AT
Longitudinal engine installation; a van-only specification, not the truck's
Transmission Options
| Type | Ratios | Availability | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5-speed manual | 4.545 / 2.500 / 1.680 / 1.133 / 0.861; reverse 4.300; final drive: HA6 6.230, HA7 front 3.272 / rear 6.230 | HA6 and HA7 trucks (2007–2009 catalogue) | Truck ratios; do not substitute them for the HH van. |
| 3-speed automatic | 2.888 / 1.625 / 0.976, reverse 2.047, final 5.75 | HA6 SDX, TOWN and SDX-N (2WD); not the HA6 STD and not any HA7 | Truck ratios only; HH5 vans also offer a three-speed automatic, with van-specific ratios. |
| 5-speed manual with UL/UR | Ultra-low 7.8, ultra-reverse 7.588 | HA7 ATTACK and ATTACK-N | With a rear differential lock; the HA7 is otherwise manual. |
| 4-speed automatic | Final HH6 SDX (Honda's 2018 van catalogue): 2.722 / 1.500 / 1.027 / 0.744; reverse 1.954; first reduction 3.185, second reduction 2.117 front/rear | HH6 vans: SDX-N, SDX and TOWN from 24 February 2000; final HH6 SDX | Final HH6 SDX with 4AT is rated 52 PS with a longitudinal engine. |
Livability
- Rear Seats
- None in the truck
- Standard truck: 2 seats, 350 kg payload; vans differ by grade (PRO-A and PRO-B two seats, SDX/TOWN up to four)
- Cargo
- Bed 1,940 × 1,410 mm, 290 mm sides (2007–2009)
- Bed floor 660 mm above ground; before 20 December 2000 the standard bed was 1,870 mm long
Variants & Trims
Truck and van grades are listed with the dated Honda document that establishes them. Honda's grade names changed between 1999 and 2018.
| Generation | Trim | Engine | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| HA7 line (3rd generation, Japan) | Truck STD (HA6, 2WD) | E07Z, 656 cc | Five-speed manual only; standard truck without electric power steering or a passenger airbag option |
| HA7 line (3rd generation, Japan) | Truck SDX / TOWN / SDX-N (HA6 2WD, HA7 4WD) | E07Z, 656 cc | HA6: five-speed or three-speed automatic; HA7: five-speed only; SDX-N is the simplified-equipment grade added in 2000 |
| HA7 line (3rd generation, Japan) | Truck ATTACK / ATTACK-N (HA7, 4WD) | E07Z, 656 cc | Five-speed manual with ultra-low (7.8) and ultra-reverse (7.588) gearing and a rear differential lock |
| HA7 line (3rd generation, Japan) | Van PRO-A / PRO-B (HH5, HH6) | E07Z, 656 cc | Two-seaters at launch; PRO-B partitions cabin and cargo; PRO-B is not a better-equipped PRO-A |
| HA7 line (3rd generation, Japan) | Van SDX / TOWN (HH5, HH6) | E07Z, 656 cc | Four-occupant versions at launch; HH6 gained a four-speed automatic on 24 February 2000; standard A/C from September 2001; TOWN has privacy glass from 2001 |
| HA7 line (3rd generation, Japan) | Final van catalogue (2015–2018) | E07Z, 656 cc | Honda lists only SDX and PRO-A: HH5 SDX 5MT/3AT, HH6 SDX 5MT/4AT, HH5 PRO-A 5MT/3AT, HH6 PRO-A 5MT |
Should You Buy a Honda Acty HA7?
Strengths come from Honda's launch documents and archive pages; the cautions are Honda's own recalls and the state-registration position.
Why You'll Love It
- Documented mid-engine packaging Honda's launch release gives a 2,420 mm wheelbase, 520 mm longer than its predecessor, on the mid-engine, rear-drive layout.
- Safety equipment from launch A driver SRS airbag was standard throughout the 1999 range, electric power steering was standard except on two grades, and vans gained standard dual airbags in April 2003.
- Automatic Real Time 4WD with an ATTACK option Honda describes automatic switching according to road conditions; the ATTACK adds a rear differential lock and ultra-low and ultra-reverse gearing.
- Thorough factory documentation Honda's archive gives ratios, dimensions, weights and gearbox allocation for the late truck, and its final van catalogue does the same for the HH5 and HH6.
Why You Might Not
- Many recalls and notices to match Honda's fuel-tank flange, fuel-pipe washer, wheel-bolt, crossmember-weld, fuel-pump and head-gasket notices each list specific serial ranges.
- Output is not one number 46 PS, 45 PS and 52 PS all appear for E07Z vehicles, depending on body, date and gearbox, so quoted power must match the exact configuration.
- Registration is not guaranteed Oregon says kei vehicles cannot be titled or registered there, and California has its own direct-import process; a federal exemption does not decide either.
- Early cars have a shorter bed The standard truck bed was 1,870 mm long until December 2000, when Honda lengthened it to 1,940 mm.
Who Should NOT Buy This
- Anyone who wants an automatic 4WD truck: the HA7 is a five-speed manual; automatics are on the 2WD HA6 and on some vans.
- Buyers who have not matched the chassis number to Honda's recall ranges and asked for completion records.
- Buyers planning an engine swap without checking EPA eligibility: its detailed import manual permits qualifying EPA-certified replacement engines and emissions systems.
Common Issues & Solutions
These are documented Honda campaigns and notices with listed serial ranges, not failure rates. A range includes cars that may be unaffected.
| Issue | Cause | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Fuel-tank mounting flange (recall 1071) | Insufficient flange strength could let rough-road fatigue crack the tank mounting and leak fuel. An HA7 example range is HA7-1000013 to 1027827, built 26 May 1999 to 2 February 2000, with further special-body ranges. | Honda's remedy was an improved tank where leaking, otherwise a reinforcement bracket; ask for completion evidence. |
| Wheel bolts (recalls 749/753) | Improper heat treatment could fracture wheel bolts; listed HA7 ranges include HA7-1201841 to 1210760 and HA7-3200004 to 3200288, built January to April 2001. | Replace with conforming parts if affected; check the car's own serial. |
| Front lower crossmember weld (recalls 1915/2857) | Inadequate weld strength could let peeling welds displace the crossmember and release the lower-arm rear attachment. Recall 2857 added vehicles including HA7 subsets built December 2001 to January 2002. | Inspect for cracks or separation; Honda's remedy was repair or reinforcement rivets. |
| Fuel pump (recall 2177) and fuel-pipe washer (recall 676) | Recall 2177: a defective pump-cover casting could jam the impeller and stall the engine. Recall 676: marking ink could dissolve at a sealing washer and cause leakage; the Acty subsets were built August to September 2000. | Check both recall ranges against the serial. |
| Head gasket (Honda warranty extension, 2012) | Honda's May 2012 notice concerned hot coolant, warning-lamp illumination and diagnosed gasket abnormalities after repeated high-load, high-rpm operation, on listed HA6/HA7 trucks built April 2003 to November 2009. | Ask for service records; the historical extended coverage should not be assumed to apply today. |
| Rear spindle nut tightening | Honda's August 2008 maintenance notice warns that incorrect rear spindle-nut tightening can let the drum and wheel detach; Honda says this is preventing improper servicing, not a design defect. | Have the rear spindle nuts correctly tightened and the verification beta pin fitted. |
Differences between JDM & USDM
Everything on this page describes the Japanese domestic specification. For the United States, 49 CFR 591.5 exempts a vehicle that is 25 or more years old, so age is judged on each car's own build date and a 2001 build qualifies during 2026. EPA's separate 21-year provision normally requires the original engine configuration; its detailed manual also permits qualifying EPA-certified replacement engines and emissions systems. Canada's guidance for vehicles at least 15 years old measures age by the month and year the vehicle was completed, so HA6 and HA7 trucks are old enough in October 2026 while the later HH5 and HH6 vans need individual assessment. State registration is a further step: Oregon will not title or register kei vehicles for the road, and California handles direct imports through its own process.
Pre-Purchase Inspection Checklist
Check identity, recall evidence, drivetrain, equipment and paperwork in that order.
Critical Priority
High Priority
Medium Priority
Generation History
Truck archive period (HA6/HA7) (1999–2009)
- Honda's truck archive runs from May 1999 to November 2009; the HH5/HH6 vans continue to July 2018
Third-generation truck launch (HA6/HA7) (28 May 1999 (Honda's May release); 25 June 1999 for base SDX (September release))
- Announced 27 May 1999; mid-engine, rear-drive, 2,420 mm wheelbase
- E07Z 46 PS; driver SRS airbag standard throughout
Van launch (HH5/HH6) (25 June 1999)
- PRO-A and partitioned PRO-B are two-seaters; SDX/TOWN offer four occupants
2000 updates (February – December 2000)
- 4AT on HH6 SDX-N/SDX/TOWN from 24 February 2000; SDX-N and ATTACK-N grades
- Standard truck bed lengthened from 1,870 to 1,940 mm on 20 December 2000
Van equipment (2001–2003)
- Standard A/C on all vans from 6 September 2001
- Driver and passenger airbags standard on all vans from April 2003
End of the truck period (November 2009)
- Honda's HA6/HA7 truck archive ends; the fourth-generation HA8/HA9 truck follows from December
Van continues (to July 2018)
- HH5/HH6 vans remain in Honda's catalogue; the final archive is the July 2018 ending model
Sales Numbers by Year
| Year | Notes |
|---|---|
| 1999 | Honda's May release: truck sales 28 May, vans 25 June, E07Z 46 PS. Its September release instead dates the base SDX truck's model change to 25 June. |
| 2000 | Four-speed automatic added to HH6 vans (24 February); SDX-N/ATTACK-N grades; truck bed lengthened in December |
| 2001 | All vans gain standard air conditioning from 6 September |
| 2003 | All vans gain driver and passenger airbags as standard in April; revised special-body vehicles on sale 16 May |
| 2009 | Honda's HA6/HA7 truck archive ends in November; the van continues |
| 2018 | Honda's final van archive is the July 2018 ending model |
Market Data
Truck and van grades are listed with the dated Honda document that establishes them. Honda's grade names changed between 1999 and 2018.
Reported Counts & Rarity
| Generation | Years | Reported Count | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 launch sales plan (Japan, monthly) | 1999 | Truck 4,000; van 2,000 per month (domestic sales plan) | A sales plan announced at launch, not a production total; no actual generation total was found. |
How It Compares
A dated layout comparison with Subaru's January 1999 Sambar release. Suzuki's Carry, redesigned on 6 January 1999, offered turbo and 4WD three-speed automatic configurations, while the HA7's factory 4WD was a manual.
| Feature | HA7 | Subaru Sambar (January 1999 release) |
|---|---|---|
| Engine and drive layout (1999) | Mid-engine, Real Time 4WD; De Dion rear axle | Rear engine, rear drive with four-wheel independent suspension |
In Pictures
The Buyer's Read
HA6 is the 2WD truck and HA7 the 4WD truck; HH5 and HH6 are vans. HA7 trucks have five-speed manuals, while selected HH6 vans have four-speed automatics. Honda rated the 1999 launch range and late trucks at 46 PS. Final vans are 45 PS, except the HH6 SDX four-speed automatic at 52 PS.
The truck bed grew by 70 mm in December 2000. Vans gained standard air conditioning in September 2001 and dual airbags in April 2003; a driver airbag was standard at launch. Check the individual vehicle's safety equipment, including ABS.
Match the chassis number to Honda's fuel-tank flange, wheel-bolt, crossmember-weld, fuel-pump and head-gasket notices, and ask for completion records. Some published ranges include unaffected vehicles. Calculate import age from the manufacture date, check EPA's engine requirements and confirm state registration rules before paying.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What changed from the second-generation Acty to the HA7?
- Honda retained the mid-engine layout and increased the wheelbase by 520 mm to 2,420 mm for 1999. The new range used the 656 cc E07Z with PGM-FI rated at 46 PS, a standard driver airbag and electric power steering on most grades. The earlier trucks are second generation; HA6 and HA7 are third.
- Can an HA7 4WD truck have an automatic transmission?
- No. In Honda's 2007 to 2009 catalogue every HA7 grade is a five-speed manual, with the ATTACK and ATTACK-N adding ultra-low and ultra-reverse gears. The three-speed automatic is offered on the 2WD HA6 SDX, TOWN and SDX-N.
- Which Acty vans have a four-speed automatic?
- The HH6 SDX-N, SDX and TOWN gained a four-speed automatic on 24 February 2000, and the final HH6 SDX is listed with five-speed or four-speed automatic.
- Why do E07Z specifications say 45, 46 or 52 PS?
- They describe different configurations. The 1999 launch and 2007 to 2009 trucks are 46 PS; the final vans are 45 PS, except the HH6 SDX with the four-speed automatic, which is 52 PS at 7,000 rpm with a longitudinal engine.
- Does an HA7 have airbags, ABS and power steering?
- At the 1999 launch a driver SRS airbag was standard throughout and a passenger airbag optional except on the truck STD; electric power steering was standard except on the truck STD and van PRO-B; ABS and brake assist were options. All vans got driver and passenger airbags in April 2003.
- Did the truck bed length change in 2000?
- Yes. Honda's 20 December 2000 update lengthened the standard bed by 70 mm, from 1,870 to 1,940 mm.
- Is an HH5 or HH6 still the third generation after 2009?
- Yes. Honda's van archive runs to July 2018 and does not show a new fourth-generation van in 2009; the HA8 and HA9 are the successor trucks.
- Which 2001 build months qualify for United States import in 2026?
- The US exemption in 49 CFR 591.5 covers a vehicle that is 25 or more years old, so each car follows its own build date: a 2001 build qualifies from its build month in 2026, a 2009 truck in 2034 and a 2018 van in 2043. Do not approve all 2001 or later cars at once. EPA separately requires the original engine configuration or a qualifying EPA-certified replacement engine and emissions system.
- What recalls and head-gasket history should I check?
- Honda's fuel-tank flange (1071), fuel-pipe washer (676), wheel-bolt (749/753), crossmember-weld (1915/2857) and fuel-pump (2177) recalls, the 2008 rear spindle-nut notice and the 2012 head-gasket warranty notice, each by serial range and completion record.
- Will the longer-wheelbase Acty fit a tall driver comfortably?
- Honda gives no headroom figure or height cutoff in the sources used, so sit in the actual vehicle rather than rely on a number.
Sources & References
Sources (37)
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- CBSA Memorandum D9-1-11 — Canada Border Services Agency Verified
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- Honda press release, January 1994: Acty Truck and Van minor model change (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
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- Honda press release, 20 December 2000: Acty Truck and special-body revision (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda press release, 6 September 2001: Acty Van minor model change (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda press release, April 2003: Acty series improvements (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda press release, 2018: Acty Truck TOWN Spirit Color Style (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda auto archive: Acty Truck model history (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda auto archive: Acty Truck (model ended November 2009) specifications (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda auto archive: Acty Van (model ended July 2018) (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda Acty Van final specification list (2015–2018) (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda recycling fee table: Acty Truck (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda recall 676 (Life, Vamos, Z, Acty), 2000 (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda recalls 749/753 (Acty, Life, Stream and others), 2001 (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda recall 1071 (Acty), April 2004 (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda recall 2177 (Life, Zest, Acty and others), 2008 (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda recall 2857 (Acty, Vamos), November 2011 (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda improvement campaign 126 (Acty), July 1998 (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda maintenance notice, 22 August 2008: rear spindle nuts (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Honda warranty extension notice, 25 May 2012: cylinder head gasket (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- Oregon DMV Vehicle Types: Kei Vehicles/Mini-Trucks — Oregon DMV (ODOT) Verified
- Subaru news release, 28 January 1999: new Sambar series (in Japanese) — Subaru Corporation Verified
- Suzuki press release, 6 January 1999: new Carry and Every (in Japanese) — Suzuki Motor Corporation Verified
- Suzuki Digital Library: Carry history (in Japanese) — Suzuki Motor Corporation Verified
- EPA Learn About Importing Vehicles and Engines — US EPA Verified
- Honda press release, 24 September 1999: Acty special-body series (in Japanese) — Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Verified
- EPA guidance document 420-B-11-015 on importing vehicles and engines — US EPA Verified
Sources last verified: